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Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's Disease is one of the commonest neurological diseases affecting the elderly.

Parkinson’s Disease is one of the commonest neurological diseases affecting the elderly. Definition: It is due to damage to the brain cells resulting in the reduction of specific brain chemical (dopamine). Epidemiology: The prevalence of the disease increases with age.

Symptoms

4 key signs and symptoms:

  • Tremor (trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and/or face)
  • Rigidity (stiffness of the limbs and/or trunk)
  • Bradykinesia (slowness of body movement)
  • Postural instability (impairment of balance and coordination leading to falls)

Early symptoms may be subtle. As the disease progresses, the symptoms begin to affect the activities of daily living. Currently there is no specific lab test for the diagnosis of the disease.

Complications

Physical:

  • Falls
  • Giddiness / unsteadiness due to sudden change of posture
  • Constipation
  • Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Difficulty in speech (dysarthria)
  • Involuntary voiding of urine and faeces (incontinence)
  • Pressure sores
  • Weight loss

Psychiatric:

  • Mood disorders e.g.:
    1. Depression
    2. Anxiety
  • Impairment of mental health function e.g.:
    1. Memory
    2. Thought process
    3. Reasoning
    4. Judgment
    5. Perception
    6. Sleeping disorder
    7. Impulse control disorder

Social:

  • Loss of independence, isolation, carer’s stress

Treatment

Non Pharmacological

The management is multidisciplinary: Doctors, Nurses, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, psychologist/psychiatrist, pharmacist and medical social worker. It also involve patient and family education, support group services and practicing a healthy lifestyle (exercise and nutrition)

Pharmacological

There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. Medicines (and surgery in selected cases) can provide relief from symptoms.

Prevention

The exact cause of the disease is unknown.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation involving a multidisciplinary team is essential in the management of the disease.

Support Groups

Last Review : 23 August 2019
Writer : Dr. Mohd Daud bin Che Yusof
  : Pn Normah Bachik
Accreditor : Dr Lee Fatt Soon
Reviewer : Dr. Ho Bee Kiau

Artikel Berkaitan

Teeth

As people age, the gums recede slightly. Consequently, the lower parts of the teeth are exposed to food particles and bacteria.

Loss of Weight

The evaluation of unexplained weight loss in the elderly sometimes yields no cause other than “unexplained”. If a physical cause for the weight loss exist, it usually becomes evident within six months. Consequently, continued weight loss should be monitored, even when the initial evaluation does not supply a diagnosis.

Confusion

Confusion is a common problem happened in persons over 65 years of age.
It is characterized by clouding of consciousness with an impaired capacity to think, understand and responding to and remembering stimuli. Patients are disoriented and exhibit reduced attention, inability to express thoughts, drowsiness and defects in memory.

ALAMAT

Bahagian Pendidikan Kesihatan,
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia,
Aras 1-3, Blok E10, Kompleks E,
Kompleks Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,
62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

TALIAN AM :   +603 8000 8000

FAKS :   +603 8888 6200

EMEL :   myhealth@moh.gov.my

BILANGAN PENGUNJUNG : 227,767,445

TARIKH AKHIR KEMASINI :
2024-07-16 15:32:21

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